Language Acquisition Exam 2 Practice

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• Underextension in early word use refers to which?
• Which prereq describes the ability to tailor language to achieve a communicative goal?
• How is proximity defined in pMLU?
• Bootstrapping means using what you know to assist in what you don't.
• Typical features of Specific Language Impairment include
• Mutual exclusivity means that words mean different things.
• Which practice is essential for protecting participants in infant language research?
• How do underextension and overextension differ?
• Which prereq is associated with alternating between topics or roles as a situation changes?
• Turn-taking in early conversations helps by
• Which constraint is most directly about mapping a new word to the entire object rather than its parts?
• In early grammar, what is an example of overgeneralization?
• Which statement about the Wug test approach is correct?
• What is morphological productivity, and which example illustrates it?
• Which term describes the ability to interpret others' intentions and perspectives during social interaction?
• What is a common early indicator of Specific Language Impairment?
• Provide an example of overextension in early word learning.
• Which statement about Specific Language Impairment is NOT supported by the material?
• Which is an ethical consideration when conducting infant language research?
• Which statement about Specific Language Impairment is true?
• In typical development, what does an increasing MLU indicate?
• How do semantic relations influence syntax according to the material?
• Which statement best distinguishes Specific Language Impairment (SLI) from a hearing impairment in language diagnosis?
• What does SLI stand for in language development research?
• Which description best defines learning linguistic routines?
• Which statement best describes code-switching regarding bilingual competence?
• Which description best defines preferential looking in infant language research?
• How do morphology and syntax differ in their contribution to language development?
• Which pair exemplifies low neighborhood density?
• In analytic languages, which feature is emphasized for conveying grammatical meaning?
• Which factors influence the rate of vocabulary growth in early childhood?
• pMLU is a relational-analysis metric used alongside PCC.
• Which pair exemplifies high neighborhood density?
• Telegraphic speech emerges around 18–24 months. Which description best characterizes it?
• Neighborhood density describes words that differ by one phoneme.
• Semantic bootstrapping in early language development refers to:
• How is word comprehension typically assessed in pre-verbal infants?
• How would you differentiate a late talker from a child with SLI?
• Which set of shapes is used in analyzing a child's word structures?
• What process involves mapping surface forms to underlying syntactic representations that guide meaning?
• Which type of evidence most directly informs whether bilingual children have separate lexicons or a shared lexicon?
• Which concept refers to understanding that people have unique perspectives and interpret social situations differently?
• Which scenario best illustrates syntactic bootstrapping?
• Which brain region is primarily linked to language comprehension?
• How do analytic and synthetic languages influence early morphological development?
• What is fast mapping in word learning?
• Which category includes social expressions such as Hi and Bye-bye?
• How does cross-linguistic variation influence early word learning constraints like mutual exclusivity or whole-object mapping?
• Morphemic rules describe how a morpheme changes depending on the surrounding phonemes. Which option is accurate?
• Which modifier subtype includes mine and daddy food?
• What is do-support in English, and when does it typically appear in a child’s speech?
• The study categorized families into four income levels: welfare, poor, working class, and professional class. This design is best described as:
• Which concept involves recognizing that others have distinct beliefs, desires, and perspectives that influence interpretation?
• What is joint attention?
• What is the role of articles in early word learning according to the notes?
• Which prereq involves switching between different conversational contexts or roles?
• Data collection in the study began at what approximate age?
• Which statement about high neighborhood density is true?
• Which word is typically high-frequency in English?
• How is theory of mind related to language development in early childhood?
• Phonotactic probability describes how likely a sound sequence is to occur.
• Which morphemes characterize Brown's stage 3?
• What is the taxonomic constraint?
• Which of the following best describes the function of prosody in early language learning?
• Name two common research methods used to study infant language acquisition.
• At approximately what age do most children produce their first recognizable words?
• In autism spectrum disorder, language development commonly shows
• Which statement best captures a prereq for pragmatic competence?
• When evaluating vocabulary growth in early childhood, which of the following factors is influential?
• Which is another common early phonological process observed in toddlers?
• Which finding supports the importance of gesture in early word learning?
• Which description best characterizes fast mapping in language acquisition?
• The whole-object constraint would lead a child to map a new label to the object's entire entity rather than a part or property. Which choice best illustrates this constraint?
• Around what age do many children pass basic theory-of-mind tasks like false belief, with some variability?
• Which morphemes typically appear early in English, and which tend to appear later?
• Which term is one of Nelson's categories of speech?
• In Nelson's nominal category, which are general vs specific examples?
• Whole Object Constraint in mapping new words to objects asserts:
• Which category covers assertive words such as yes/no and want?
• How might multilingual experiences affect executive function and metalinguistic awareness?
• What does pMLU measure?
• What is the relationship between vocabulary size and syntactic development?
• What does code-switching indicate about bilingual competence?
• Which statement best describes simultaneous bilingual development?
• Overextension is best defined as:
• Which factor is NOT typically associated with faster early vocabulary growth?
• Which prereq pertains to cues and signals that accompany speech but are not part of the spoken words?
• What characterizes semantic bootstrapping in language acquisition?
• Which constraint describes mapping a new word to the whole object rather than a part or property?
• What outcomes were recorded in the study?
• Which item relates to using language to achieve practical goals in communication?
• In early English sentences, what word order is typical and what does SVO stand for?
• Which of the following best describes cross-language influences in bilinguals?
• What is caregiver speech (often called 'motherese') and why is it advantageous for language development?
• Relational analysis involves comparing a child's speech to the adult form.
• Which concept focuses on consonants?
• Which statement best describes the typical distribution of vocabulary in simultaneous bilingual development?
• What constitutes a first word?
• How are vocabulary size and phonological development connected in early language?
• Nelson's categories of speech include which four categories?
• Which statement best describes the vocabulary spurt onset?
• Which statement best describes the relationship between semantic information and syntactic structure in bootstrapping theories?
• What is a cross-situational word learning paradigm?
• Name two common research methods used to study infant language acquisition.
• In modifiers, which subtype includes all gone and dirty?
• Type assumption states that words refer to type rather than individually.
• Which statement best describes the role of mental-state words in early development?
• In modifiers, which subtype includes here and there?
• Underextension refers to:
• What is the bilingual advantage debate in executive function or theory of mind?
• Which prereq would include recognizing and interpreting nonverbal signals such as gestures or facial expressions?
• In child language development, the term appropriate typically means:
• Mutual Exclusivity Principle in early word learning states:
• Which morpheme is NOT part of Brown's Stage 2 morphemes?
• False-belief tasks primarily assess which aspect of a child's development?
• Which statement best defines lexical cross-language activation?
• Refinement is defined as what in this material?
• Which statement best describes the arcuate fasciculus?
• In referential word learning, what characterizes early utterances?
• In synthetic languages, which aspect is more central to conveying grammatical relations?
• What does mapping refer to?
• What is the role of caregiver responsiveness in early language development?
• What do decontextualized narratives reflect in preschool language development?
• When does a word spurt typically occur?
• Universal Grammar posits what about language learning?
• What is statistical learning, and how does it support language acquisition?
• In modifiers, which subtype includes big and little?
• Taxonomic Constraint in early word learning posits mapping a novel label to:
• In the Kansas City study, how many preschool-age families were observed?
• Which statement best describes the relationship between surface structure and word order?
• Which of the following is an example of an action word category?
• Which morphemes characterize Brown's stage 4?
• What evidence supports a robust role for gesture in early word learning?
• Which grammatical morphemes tend to emerge later in early language?
• Which statement best captures how Theory of Mind relates to language development?
• What is phonological working memory?
• Morpheme overgeneralization indicates what about a child's language development?
• Which two are classic theta roles illustrated by the example 'The girl kicks the ball'?
• Which term describes two languages learned from birth?
• Which of the following is a locative example in Nelson's categories?
• Whole object assumption states that words refer to what?
• What does the whole-object constraint describe in word learning?
• How does joint attention relate to fast mapping?
• What is phonotactic probability, and how does it affect infants' speech perception?
• Which statement about nonword repetition tasks is true?
• What is a key consideration when studying language development in sign language users compared to spoken language users?
• Describe the vocabulary spurt and typical age range for its onset.
• Morphemes are categorized into bound and free. Bound morphemes are:
• Statistical learning in language acquisition refers to
• What is social gating in language development?
• Which statement best defines joint attention and its role in early word learning?
• The 30 million word gap study emphasizes that caregiver talk is crucial for:
• The mean length of utterance increases as children develop. This increase most directly reflects growth in which aspect?
• Which phoneme classes tend to be acquired earlier vs later?
• Differentiate between a vocabulary spurt and a plateau in toddler language development?
• Which morphemes are first to appear in Brown's stage 2?
• Which statement best describes expressive language development in children?
• What is a deictic gesture, and what does it support in language development?
• Which statement best describes simultaneous bilingual development?
• What do phonological patterns describe?
• Which group provides robust evidence for the critical period hypothesis?
• What does success in the false-belief task indicate?
• Which prereq would most directly support recognizing that others may misunderstand your message?
• Independent analysis studies a child's speech production independent of the adult form; examples include phonemic inventory and word/syllable shapes.
• What is bimodal bilingualism, and provide an example scenario.
• What is the relationship between word comprehension and production?
• Which statement describes overextension?
• Which statement correctly characterizes canonical and variegated babbling?
• Which is an example of an overgeneralization error in English morphology?
• In the two-word utterance example, what does 'boat river' convey?
• In bilingual assessment, why is it important to consider both languages?
• What is code-switching and why is it considered a sign of bilingual competence?
• Why are nonverbal cues (gestures) important in early language learning?
• Which is a prereq for pragmatic competence?
• What does the mean length of utterance (MLU) primarily index in child language development?
• What are strategies for word learning?
• Mean Length of Utterance (MLU) is used as which type of measure in language assessment?
• What is the critical period hypothesis for language development, and what are two lines of evidence supporting it?
• PCC counts only correct consonants for a completed word.
• Which stage is characterized by two to three word utterances with content words only, omitting function words?
• In the sentence 'The girl kicks the ball', which element functions as the agent?
• In Nelson's nominal category, what is an example of a specific noun?
• In the Wug test, what linguistic feature is assessed?
• Which example illustrates an inflectional morpheme?
• Why is early caregiver input quality important for language development?
• A morpheme is defined as:
• Word frequency refers to the frequency in which a word appears in language.
• Syntactic bootstrapping is best described as:
• What is the difference between simultaneous and sequential bilinguals, and what are implications for assessment?
• Language structure in word learning strategies is described as providing what?
• In the context of SLI, what is commonly observed despite normal hearing and nonverbal IQ?
• What best describes the syntactic spurt?
• What is a holophrase?
• Differentiate between simultaneous bilingualism and sequential bilingualism.
• Which items are considered general action words in Nelson's categories?
• What is cross-linguistic transfer in bilingual development?
• What does theory of mind describe?
• What is morphology, and give two examples of early English morphemes.
• In infant studies, violation-of-expectation is used to test language processing by...
• Which aspect is often normal in individuals with SLI?
• Who is the main proponent of the nativist view of language acquisition?
• Which measure describes the relationship between morphemes and utterances?
• What best describes telegraphic speech?
• Which morpheme category includes the irregular past tense form 'went' in Brown's stages?
• Provide an example of underextension.
• Name a standard infant language assessment task besides MLU.
• Which morphemes characterize Brown's stage 5?
• Why is early caregiver responsiveness important for language development?
• In semantic bootstrapping, which is an example of a semantic role used to infer syntax?
• Motherese, or infant-directed speech, is characterized by
• Which sequence correctly lists the early syntactic development stages 1 through 3?
• What is the nonword repetition task, and what does it measure?
• Which brain regions are primarily linked to language production and comprehension, and what connects them?
• What is the Wug test used to measure?
• Illocutionary force is best described as
• In children with Specific Language Impairment, nonverbal intelligence is typically:
• How do false-belief and language development intersect?
• In language learning, surface structure corresponds to what?
• Independent analysis includes phonemic inventory and word/syllable shapes.
• Allomorphs are:
• How does phonological awareness relate to later literacy outcomes?
• Differentiate the Critical Period from the Sensitive Period in language learning.
• Phonology is the rules that govern occurrence and distribution of phonemes.
• In pMLU scoring, which aspect earns extra points?
• In syntactic bootstrapping, which cue helps classify a newly heard word as a verb?
• Which prereq refers to learning predictable patterns of language used in everyday interaction?
• Do studies universally support bilingual advantages in theory of mind or executive function?
• What is the role of environmental input in language acquisition?
• What does cross-language interference in tasks suggest about bilingual lexical access?
• What are two common cross-language influences observed in bilingual development?
• What is the shape bias in early noun learning?
• What is mutual exclusivity in early word learning?
• A free morpheme is best described as:
• What does mutual exclusivity refer to in early lexical learning?
• What is fast mapping?
• Which of the following is a common early phonological process observed in toddlers?
• During which age range do infants typically enter the holophrastic stage and what's its defining feature?
• What is sign language acquisition in children, and how does it relate to spoken language development?
• Telegraphic speech is best described as which of the following?
• Which statement about turn-taking in early conversations is most accurate?